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          <h1 class="post-title" itemprop="name headline">链表</h1>
        

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        <p>链表  LinkedList<br><a id="more"></a><br>在内存中可以存在任何地方，不要求连续。 在电影院几个人可以随便坐。<br>每一个数据都保存了下一个数据的内存地址，通过这个地址找到下一个数据。 第一个人知道第二个人的座位号，第二个人知道第三个人的座位号……<br>增加数据和删除数据很容易。 再来个人可以随便坐，比如来了个人要做到第三个位置，那他只需要把自己的位置告诉第二个人，然后问第二个人拿到原来第三个人的位置就行了。其他人都不用动。<br>查找数据时效率低，因为不具有随机访问性，所以访问某个位置的数据都要从第一个数据开始访问，然后根据第一个数据保存的下一个数据的地址找到第二个数据，以此类推。 要找到第三个人，必须从第一个人开始问起。<br>不指定大小，扩展方便。链表大小不用定义，数据随意增删。<br><a href="https://blog.csdn.net/qq_25806863/article/details/70607204" target="_blank" rel="noopener">数组和链表的区别</a> </p>
<p>优点：链表和数组相比，链表不需要指定长度，当需要时可以直接添加，是动态的；而动态数组的动态是需要需要我们手工去实现的，动态数组的自动扩容和自动缩容，都是需要新建一个数组，然后把原有的数组中的数据复制进新的数组中。<br>缺点：和数组相比，链表因为没有索引，所以随机访问的能力很弱，每次查找都是从第一个元素开始，时间复杂度为O(n)<br><figure class="highlight plain"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br><span class="line">15</span><br><span class="line">16</span><br><span class="line">17</span><br><span class="line">18</span><br><span class="line">19</span><br><span class="line">20</span><br><span class="line">21</span><br><span class="line">22</span><br><span class="line">23</span><br><span class="line">24</span><br><span class="line">25</span><br><span class="line">26</span><br><span class="line">27</span><br><span class="line">28</span><br><span class="line">29</span><br><span class="line">30</span><br><span class="line">31</span><br><span class="line">32</span><br><span class="line">33</span><br><span class="line">34</span><br><span class="line">35</span><br><span class="line">36</span><br><span class="line">37</span><br><span class="line">38</span><br><span class="line">39</span><br><span class="line">40</span><br><span class="line">41</span><br><span class="line">42</span><br><span class="line">43</span><br><span class="line">44</span><br><span class="line">45</span><br><span class="line">46</span><br><span class="line">47</span><br><span class="line">48</span><br><span class="line">49</span><br><span class="line">50</span><br><span class="line">51</span><br><span class="line">52</span><br><span class="line">53</span><br><span class="line">54</span><br><span class="line">55</span><br><span class="line">56</span><br><span class="line">57</span><br><span class="line">58</span><br><span class="line">59</span><br><span class="line">60</span><br><span class="line">61</span><br><span class="line">62</span><br><span class="line">63</span><br><span class="line">64</span><br><span class="line">65</span><br><span class="line">66</span><br><span class="line">67</span><br><span class="line">68</span><br><span class="line">69</span><br><span class="line">70</span><br><span class="line">71</span><br><span class="line">72</span><br><span class="line">73</span><br><span class="line">74</span><br><span class="line">75</span><br><span class="line">76</span><br><span class="line">77</span><br><span class="line">78</span><br><span class="line">79</span><br><span class="line">80</span><br><span class="line">81</span><br><span class="line">82</span><br><span class="line">83</span><br><span class="line">84</span><br><span class="line">85</span><br><span class="line">86</span><br><span class="line">87</span><br><span class="line">88</span><br><span class="line">89</span><br><span class="line">90</span><br><span class="line">91</span><br><span class="line">92</span><br><span class="line">93</span><br><span class="line">94</span><br><span class="line">95</span><br><span class="line">96</span><br><span class="line">97</span><br><span class="line">98</span><br><span class="line">99</span><br><span class="line">100</span><br><span class="line">101</span><br><span class="line">102</span><br><span class="line">103</span><br><span class="line">104</span><br><span class="line">105</span><br><span class="line">106</span><br><span class="line">107</span><br><span class="line">108</span><br><span class="line">109</span><br><span class="line">110</span><br><span class="line">111</span><br><span class="line">112</span><br><span class="line">113</span><br><span class="line">114</span><br><span class="line">115</span><br><span class="line">116</span><br><span class="line">117</span><br><span class="line">118</span><br><span class="line">119</span><br><span class="line">120</span><br><span class="line">121</span><br><span class="line">122</span><br><span class="line">123</span><br><span class="line">124</span><br><span class="line">125</span><br><span class="line">126</span><br><span class="line">127</span><br><span class="line">128</span><br><span class="line">129</span><br><span class="line">130</span><br><span class="line">131</span><br><span class="line">132</span><br><span class="line">133</span><br><span class="line">134</span><br><span class="line">135</span><br><span class="line">136</span><br><span class="line">137</span><br><span class="line">138</span><br><span class="line">139</span><br><span class="line">140</span><br><span class="line">141</span><br><span class="line">142</span><br><span class="line">143</span><br><span class="line">144</span><br><span class="line">145</span><br><span class="line">146</span><br><span class="line">147</span><br><span class="line">148</span><br><span class="line">149</span><br><span class="line">150</span><br><span class="line">151</span><br><span class="line">152</span><br><span class="line">153</span><br><span class="line">154</span><br><span class="line">155</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">public class LinkedList&lt;E&gt; &#123;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">    private class Node&#123;</span><br><span class="line">        E e;</span><br><span class="line">        Node next;</span><br><span class="line">        public Node(E e,Node next)&#123;</span><br><span class="line">            this.e=e;</span><br><span class="line">            this.next=next;</span><br><span class="line">        &#125;</span><br><span class="line">        public Node(E e)&#123;</span><br><span class="line">            this(e,null);</span><br><span class="line">        &#125;</span><br><span class="line">        public Node()&#123;</span><br><span class="line">            this(null,null);</span><br><span class="line">        &#125;</span><br><span class="line">        @Override</span><br><span class="line">        public String toString()&#123;</span><br><span class="line">            return e.toString();</span><br><span class="line">        &#125;</span><br><span class="line">    &#125;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">    private Node dummyhead;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">    private Node prev;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">    private int size;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">    public LinkedList()&#123;</span><br><span class="line">        dummyhead=new Node(null,null);</span><br><span class="line">        size=0;</span><br><span class="line">    &#125;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">    /**</span><br><span class="line">     * 获取数组中元素的个数</span><br><span class="line">     * @return</span><br><span class="line">     */</span><br><span class="line">    public int getSize()&#123;</span><br><span class="line">        return size;</span><br><span class="line">    &#125;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">    /**</span><br><span class="line">     * 数组是否为空，即size是否为0</span><br><span class="line">     * @return</span><br><span class="line">     */</span><br><span class="line">    public boolean isEmpty()&#123;</span><br><span class="line">        return size==0;</span><br><span class="line">    &#125;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">    /**</span><br><span class="line">     * 在链表头部添加元素</span><br><span class="line">     * @param e</span><br><span class="line">     */</span><br><span class="line">    public void addFirst(E e)&#123;</span><br><span class="line">        add(0,e);</span><br><span class="line">    &#125;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">    public void add(int index,E e)&#123;</span><br><span class="line">        if(index &lt; 0 || index &gt; size)&#123;</span><br><span class="line">            throw new IllegalArgumentException(&quot;Add failed. Require index &gt;= 0 and index &lt;= size.&quot;);</span><br><span class="line">        &#125;</span><br><span class="line">            Node prev=dummyhead;</span><br><span class="line">            for (int i=0;i&lt;index;i++)&#123;</span><br><span class="line">                prev=prev.next;</span><br><span class="line">            &#125;</span><br><span class="line">/*            Node node=new Node(e);</span><br><span class="line">            node.next=prev.next;</span><br><span class="line">            prev.next=node;*/</span><br><span class="line">            prev.next=new Node(e,prev.next);</span><br><span class="line">            size++;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">    &#125;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">    public void addLast(E e)&#123;</span><br><span class="line">        add(size,e);</span><br><span class="line">    &#125;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">    public E get(int index)&#123;</span><br><span class="line">        if(index &lt; 0 || index &gt;= size)&#123;</span><br><span class="line">            throw new IllegalArgumentException(&quot;Add failed. Require index &gt;= 0 and index &lt;= size.&quot;);</span><br><span class="line">        &#125;</span><br><span class="line">        Node cur=dummyhead.next;</span><br><span class="line">        for (int i=0;i&lt;index;i++)&#123;</span><br><span class="line">            cur=cur.next;</span><br><span class="line">        &#125;</span><br><span class="line">        return cur.e;</span><br><span class="line">    &#125;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">    public E getFirst()&#123;</span><br><span class="line">        return get(0);</span><br><span class="line">    &#125;</span><br><span class="line">    public E getLast()&#123;</span><br><span class="line">        return get(size-1);</span><br><span class="line">    &#125;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">    /**</span><br><span class="line">     * 修改</span><br><span class="line">     * @param index</span><br><span class="line">     * @param e</span><br><span class="line">     */</span><br><span class="line">    public void set(int index,E e)&#123;</span><br><span class="line">        if(index &lt; 0 || index &gt;= size)&#123;</span><br><span class="line">            throw new IllegalArgumentException(&quot;Add failed. Require index &gt;= 0 and index &lt;= size.&quot;);</span><br><span class="line">        &#125;</span><br><span class="line">        Node cur=dummyhead.next;</span><br><span class="line">        for (int i=0;i&lt;index;i++)&#123;</span><br><span class="line">            cur=cur.next;</span><br><span class="line">        &#125;</span><br><span class="line">        cur.e=e;</span><br><span class="line">    &#125;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">    /**</span><br><span class="line">     * 是否包含元素e</span><br><span class="line">     * @param e</span><br><span class="line">     * @return</span><br><span class="line">     */</span><br><span class="line">    public boolean contains(E e)&#123;</span><br><span class="line">        Node cur=dummyhead.next;</span><br><span class="line">        while (cur!=null)&#123;</span><br><span class="line">            if (cur.e.equals(e))&#123;</span><br><span class="line">                return true;</span><br><span class="line">            &#125;</span><br><span class="line">            cur=cur.next;</span><br><span class="line">        &#125;</span><br><span class="line">        return false;</span><br><span class="line">    &#125;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">    /**</span><br><span class="line">     * 删除第index个元素</span><br><span class="line">     * @param index</span><br><span class="line">     * @return</span><br><span class="line">     */</span><br><span class="line">    public E remove(int index)&#123;</span><br><span class="line">        if(index &lt; 0 || index &gt;= size)&#123;</span><br><span class="line">            throw new IllegalArgumentException(&quot;Add failed. Require index &gt;= 0 and index &lt;= size.&quot;);</span><br><span class="line">        &#125;</span><br><span class="line">        Node prev=dummyhead;</span><br><span class="line">        for (int i=0;i&lt;index;i++)&#123;</span><br><span class="line">            prev=prev.next;</span><br><span class="line">        &#125;</span><br><span class="line">        Node ret=prev.next;</span><br><span class="line">        prev.next=ret.next;</span><br><span class="line">        ret.next=null;</span><br><span class="line">        size--;</span><br><span class="line">        return ret.e;</span><br><span class="line">    &#125;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">    public E removeFirst()&#123;</span><br><span class="line">        return remove(0);</span><br><span class="line">    &#125;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">    public E removeLast()&#123;</span><br><span class="line">        return remove(size-1);</span><br><span class="line">    &#125;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">&#125;</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure></p>

      
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